Bitcoin held by governments.

U.S. Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, established by Executive Order 14233 (signed 6 March 2025), capitalised with Bitcoin the federal government already held through criminal and civil forfeiture; the order bars sale of those coins. Implementation is unfinished: as reported by Bloomberg on 2026-07-06, no managing department has been designated and the DOJ Office of Legal Counsel is reviewing which agency may legally hold the assets.

Holdings comprise BTC seized in PlusToken and related fraud cases. Held by Chinese state agencies. No public strategic-reserve framework and no recent on-chain confirmation; figure is a widely cited estimate.

Holdings comprise BTC seized by UK law-enforcement (notably ~61,000 BTC seized in 2018 from a single Chinese money-laundering case). Held by HMRC / Crown Prosecution Service pending forfeiture proceedings. No strategic-reserve framework.

Holdings comprise BTC under control of state agencies; mix of donations to the war effort and seizures. No formal strategic-reserve framework.

Bitcoin Law (2021); explicit national strategic-reserve framework. Accumulation continues under public 'one BTC per day' policy with periodic top-ups.

Holdings derived from state-operated Bitcoin mining via hydroelectric capacity. Held by Druk Holding & Investments. Materially reduced from ~13,000 BTC peak in 2024–2025 to current level by April 2026.

Holdings comprise BTC seized in narcotics-trafficking and money-laundering criminal proceedings, held by Finnish Customs (Tulli) and the National Bureau of Investigation (KRP). No public strategic-reserve framework; no treasury designation. Sammallahti and Paasi (Kokoomus MPs) publicly proposed a strategic-reserve framework in May 2026.

Government of Pakistan publicly announced creation of a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve in 2026. Holdings have not yet been publicly verified.

RESBit (Reserva Estratégica de Bitcoin) bill reintroduced in Brazilian Congress in February 2026. Proposes federal accumulation of up to 1,000,000 BTC over 5 years (≈5% of total supply).

Czech National Bank (ČNB) Governor Aleš Michl publicly discussed Bitcoin as a potential reserve diversifier in 2025 remarks. No bill filed; no treasury position taken.

German Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) sold approximately 50,000 BTC seized from Movie2K case in mid-2024. No subsequent reserve framework adopted.